What happens at an ALJ hearing for Social Security Disability?

If SSA denied your claim at the initial and reconsideration levels, you can request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). This is one of the most important stages of the disability process — and where having an attorney makes the biggest statistical difference.

Before the hearing: SSA will send you a Notice of Hearing at least 75 days in advance. You or your attorney must submit all medical evidence at least 5 business days before the hearing or explain why it could not be submitted earlier (20 C.F.R. §404.935). Late evidence can be excluded.

At the hearing:

• The ALJ will ask you about your medical conditions, daily activities, work history, and limitations.
• A Vocational Expert (VE) will testify about whether jobs exist in the national economy that someone with your limitations can perform.
• Your attorney can cross-examine the VE and challenge hypothetical questions that understate your limitations.
• Medical experts are sometimes called but are not present in every case.

After the hearing: The ALJ typically issues a written decision within 3–6 months. If denied, you can appeal to the Appeals Council and then to federal district court.

ALJ hearings in New York City and Long Island can take 18–24 months to schedule. Filing quickly and keeping your evidence current matters. Our team prepares every client thoroughly before their hearing day.